colon cancer prognosis | What is the prognosis for colon cancer?

What is the prognosis for colon cancer?




Colon cancer is the most common; its prevalence remains very high in France. If the therapeutic modalities have already shown a clear improvement, many still wonder about the prognosis of this much feared cancer. The survival rate has been evaluated ....


What is the prognosis for colon cancer?
The cure rate of colon cancer depends essentially on the stage of discovery of the disease, and thus the appropriate therapeutic choice at this stage. The earlier the cancer is discovered, the sooner the treatment is started (1 month after the diagnosis), the higher the cure rate. There are also some factors that may influence the cure rate of colon cancer (patient age, health status, genetic predisposition, family history, whether or not there are risk factors for recurrence, whether or not there are contraindications to treatment…). However, the stage of discovery of the disease remains the most important.

Depending on the stage of evolution, the relative survival rate after 5 years of treatment decreases with the course of the disease. Colon cancer has a very good prognosis, with a high survival rate, when the tumor has not yet passed the colon wall. In this case, there is still no involvement of lymph nodes or metastases. Surgical removal of the tumor is the treatment of choice.

The monitoring of a patient with colon cancer, as well as are the assessment of the cure rate are usually evaluated over 5 years after treatment. According to studies, after this time, the risk of recurrence or of other cancers is very high (endometrium in women, small intestine, duodenum). Doctors therefore advise a systematic screening of cancer at this time (biology, endoscopy, radiography, ultrasound, ...).

The stage of evolution of colon cancer is evaluated according to the TNM classification:

- (T) The size or extent of the tumor, as well as its location in depth

- (N) Ganglion involvement (which still depends on the number of lymph nodes involved in the dissemination of cancer cells)

- (M) The existence of metastases, from the closest to the most distant organs: peritoneum, liver, lungs, ...

Stadium

Meaning

Survival rate after 5 years of treatment

Stage I

The tumor is limited to the mucosa and the submucosa.

No ganglion or metastasis.

90% to 97%

The tumor does not go beyond the muscularis. No ganglion or metastasis

Stage II

The tumor invades the entire wall of the colon. No ganglion, no metastasis

84.7%

The tumor has passed the wall and reaches part of the peritoneum. No ganglion, no metastases

72.2%

Stage III

The tumor invaded the wall, without exceeding the muscularis, with involvement of 1 to 3 ganglia of the neighborhood, no metastases

83.4%

The tumor may be confined to the wall, or passed the wall to infiltrate the peritoneum, with 1 to 3 neighboring ganglia, no metastases

64%

The tumor is difficult to describe, but with more than 4 regional lymph nodes, no metastases

44.3%



Stage IV

The primary tumor may be detectable or not, existence of distant metastases (distant lymph nodes, distant organ)

5% to 11%

Today, the therapeutic modalities for the management of colon cancer have improved a lot. The information given may not always apply to any patient. Indeed, a cancer patient is always a unique case, with individualized and multidisciplinary care.

Only the treating team can evaluate the severity of the signs, as well as the stage of evolution of the disease. The information given is therefore only a reference and can in no way replace the doctor's consultation.


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